Peripheral Artery Disease
"The best of all ways to lengthen our days...to walk steadily and with a purpose." — Charles Dickens
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects more than 12 million Americans and can cause major disability, result in amputation and has a devastating effect on quality of life. Additionally, patients with PAD are at a higher risk of developing heart attacks and strokes.
Peripheral Artery Disease Q & A
What is peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) refers to a chronic, progressive disease process in which blockages (plaque) build up in the blood vessels supplying the legs. These blockages result in a reduction of blood flow to the legs and can cause symptoms ranging from calf pain with walking to gangrene of the toes.
Who is at risk?
PAD is the result of atherosclerosis, or plaque deposited throughout the arteries of the legs. Risk factors for developing PAD include genetic factors that predispose people to premature deposits of cholesterol (hypercholoeseterolemia), high blood pressure, obesity, advancing age and diabetes. External factors such as radiation exposure, traumatic injury to an artery and smoking can also serve as risk factors to the development of PAD.
How is PAD diagnosed?
It is important to note that not all leg pain is related to PAD. Therefore, careful examination and evaluation by a vascular surgeon is critical to obtaining the correct diagnosis. The vascular surgeon can then order testing such as ultrasound, CT scan or angiography (invasive imaging procedure) to further diagnose the areas of artery blockages.
How is PAD treated?
PAD can be treated in a variety of ways. In some cases, the best treatment is to become involved in a walking program and to reduce external risks (such as smoking). However, if necessary, treatment of PAD can also be achieved by performing an angiogram which is a minimally invasive procedure in which the doctor can use balloons, laser or stents to prop open blockages in the arteries. Sometimes, a more invasive operation called peripheral artery bypass surgery may need to be performed in which the doctor inserts a new “artery” to bypass the blockage in order to increase blood flow to the foot. All treatment modalities have advantages and disadvantages. The doctor will discuss which option would be best for your situation.